INDONESIA
Predictions
2,000 of Indonesia's 18,000 islands to be swallowed by the sea in 3 decades because of climate change
2035: Indonesia's capital airport will be flooded by sea water thus rendering it useless
2080: Presidential Palace of Jakarta (6 miles inland) to be underwater
2050: 24% of
Jakarta will disappear
JAVA
Accounts for 226 million people and 3 of Indonesia's largest cities including Jakarta, Surabaya, and Semarang
Rising sea level:
Destroy industrial plants and infrastructure
Shrinkage of land mass, forcing communities out of homes
Deprive 81,000 farmers of rice fields, prawn, and fish ponds
43,000 farm laborers would lose their jobs
Cost to repair will be very high due to
relocation of people and rebuilding of plants and infrastructure
Disappearing islands and coastlines would cost Indonesia 5% of its GDP
Due to mineral resources located on these islands
Governments already warning Islanders to prepare for evacuations as the sea level begins threatening their homes!!!
Coastal Impacts associated with Climate Change...
Beaches:
Many beaches show evidence of erosion with backshore cliffing and undercutting of vegetated terrain but this is not the case where there is a continuing supply of sandy, or gravelly, sediment to maintain or prograde the shoreline.
Mangroves:
Once established, mangroves can protect the coast from wave scour and may promote the accretion of sediment to build up new depositional terrain to high-tide level. On accreting shores, the mangroves spread forwards, and as deposition attains high-tide level nipa palms, or rain forest, or freshwater swamp vegetation, move in from the rear
Chemical Runoff:
Chemicals derived from the fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides that have been used increasingly in recent years to improve agricultural productivity, especially in rice fields, have seeped or flowed into rivers, and thence to estuaries and coastal waters, including brackish-water fishponds
Tsunami Effects:
The effects of a tsunami are obviously related to the configuration of the coast. Waves break heavily over reefs and rocky-shore platforms, and against cliffs and steep coasts; they overwash beaches, beach ridges, and low dunes, scouring away sand and inundating low areas to the rear; they race up tidal inlets and river estuaries and, if they overtop natural or artificial levees, there is extensive salt water flooding of adjacent low-lying terrain.
Dense Populations:
The impact of dense populations on the coast has been comparatively recent. The cutting of canals; the embanking, damming, and diversion of rivers; the large. scale replacement of hinterland forests by grazed and cultivated land, with consequent increases of runoff and soil erosion; the destruction of vegetation that formerly stabilized coastal dunes
Possible Solutions:
Mangroves surrounding beaches to break down large waves and hold back soil that is damaging to coral reefs
Erect multiple concrete walls along the coastline
Relocation / Re-settlement