During this time period hospital turned from a social need of caring to curing and preventing illnesses. One of the main issues of concern was ventilation. There was a realization that clean air was needed to filter out germs.

The Civil War was very influential on hospitals. The military hospitals were used as models of organization by other countries.

However, when the war ended American society did not see any further use except to offer care to the poor. Hospitals were considered dangerous and were to be avoided. Home care was still the primary source after the War.

1889 The first bacteriological and chemical laboratory opened.

1896 The first X-ray laboratory opened.

Specialty hospitals were created during this period.

Nursing schools were introduced.