exxon valdez

the north cape
 

On the Water

• Boom/sweepers/skimmers
• Primarily to deflect and collect oil
• Used on water or just below it
• Booms needs constant attention
• Great amount of manpower is needed
• collecting
• cleaning
• transporting
• disposing
• Burning
• Very effective
• Dangerous to marine life
• The effects of burning are better then having an oil spill in the water
• Dispersants
• Are used to disperse the oil in great amounts of water
• Much like watering down an alcoholic drink to reduce the effects of it
• It does well in keeping oil off the beaches

• Chemical Cleaning
• The use of Corexit
• Difficulty collecting the chemical
• Not very successful
• Hot Water and High Pressure
• One of the most common clean-up tactics
• Became standard shoreline treatment
• Downside was that it killed off much of the life on the shoreline
• Before choosing this method, responders must take into consideration that any damage from the treatment is acceptable based on the potential threat of oil
• Manual Treatment
• Used where there was only a little amount of oil
• Manual treatments to pick up oil
• shovels
• rakes
• absorbent material
• hands
• Mechanical Treatment
• The use of machines to remove oil
• Included front-end loaders, tractors, and other mechanical units
• It was decided that the effects of the machines were worse than that of the oil
• Biological Treatment
• Bioremediation - in situ
• oil degradation by oil-degrading microorganisms
• addition of nutrients (fertilizer) to increase microbial growth
• effective to "polish" contaminated site

• Ship Design - cost is a concern
• Double Hull Ships
• Leak Detection and Tank Overfill Devices
• Pressure monitors

• Transportation
• Tanker tug - Escort Requirements
• only mandatory regulation

• Restricted Areas

• Training and Certification